Tutorial 9: Use Pure Point Cloud Dataset¶
Data Pre-Processing¶
Convert Point cloud format¶
Currently, we only support bin format point cloud training and inference, before training on your own datasets, you need to transform your point cloud format to bin file. The common point cloud data formats include pcd and las, we provide some open-source tools for reference.
Convert pcd to bin: https://github.com/leofansq/Tools_RosBag2KITTI
Convert las to bin: The common conversion path is las -> pcd -> bin, and the conversion from las -> pcd can be achieved through this tool.
Support new data format¶
To support a new data format, you can either convert them to existing formats or directly convert them to the middle format. You could also choose to convert them offline (before training by a script) or online (implement a new dataset and do the conversion at training).
Reorganize new data formats to existing format¶
Once your datasets only contain point cloud file and 3D Bounding box annotations, without calib file. We recommend converting it into the basic formats, the annotations files in basic format has the following necessary keys:
[
{'sample_idx':
'lidar_points': {'lidar_path': velodyne_path,
....
},
'annos': {'box_type_3d': (str) 'LiDAR/Camera/Depth'
'gt_bboxes_3d': <np.ndarray> (n, 7)
'gt_names': [list]
....
}
'calib': { .....}
'images': { .....}
}
]
In MMDetection3D, for the data that is inconvenient to read directly online, we recommend converting it into into basic format as above and do the conversion offline, thus you only need to modify the config’s data annotation paths and classes after the conversion. To use data that share a similar format as the existing datasets, e.g., Lyft has a similar format as the nuScenes dataset, we recommend directly implementing a new data converter and a dataset class to convert the data and load the data, respectively. In this procedure, the code can inherit from the existing dataset classes to reuse the code.
Reorganize new data format to middle format¶
There is also a way if users do not want to convert the annotation format to existing formats. Actually, we convert all the supported datasets into pickle files, which summarize useful information for model training and inference.
The annotation of a dataset is a list of dict, each dict corresponds to a frame.
A basic example (used in KITTI) is as follows. A frame consists of several keys, like image
, point_cloud
, calib
and annos
.
As long as we could directly read data according to these information, the organization of raw data could also be different from existing ones.
With this design, we provide an alternative choice for customizing datasets.
[
{'image': {'image_idx': 0, 'image_path': 'training/image_2/000000.png', 'image_shape': array([ 370, 1224], dtype=int32)},
'point_cloud': {'num_features': 4, 'velodyne_path': 'training/velodyne/000000.bin'},
'calib': {'P0': array([[707.0493, 0. , 604.0814, 0. ],
[ 0. , 707.0493, 180.5066, 0. ],
[ 0. , 0. , 1. , 0. ],
[ 0. , 0. , 0. , 1. ]]),
'P1': array([[ 707.0493, 0. , 604.0814, -379.7842],
[ 0. , 707.0493, 180.5066, 0. ],
[ 0. , 0. , 1. , 0. ],
[ 0. , 0. , 0. , 1. ]]),
'P2': array([[ 7.070493e+02, 0.000000e+00, 6.040814e+02, 4.575831e+01],
[ 0.000000e+00, 7.070493e+02, 1.805066e+02, -3.454157e-01],
[ 0.000000e+00, 0.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 4.981016e-03],
[ 0.000000e+00, 0.000000e+00, 0.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00]]),
'P3': array([[ 7.070493e+02, 0.000000e+00, 6.040814e+02, -3.341081e+02],
[ 0.000000e+00, 7.070493e+02, 1.805066e+02, 2.330660e+00],
[ 0.000000e+00, 0.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 3.201153e-03],
[ 0.000000e+00, 0.000000e+00, 0.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00]]),
'R0_rect': array([[ 0.9999128 , 0.01009263, -0.00851193, 0. ],
[-0.01012729, 0.9999406 , -0.00403767, 0. ],
[ 0.00847068, 0.00412352, 0.9999556 , 0. ],
[ 0. , 0. , 0. , 1. ]]),
'Tr_velo_to_cam': array([[ 0.00692796, -0.9999722 , -0.00275783, -0.02457729],
[-0.00116298, 0.00274984, -0.9999955 , -0.06127237],
[ 0.9999753 , 0.00693114, -0.0011439 , -0.3321029 ],
[ 0. , 0. , 0. , 1. ]]),
'Tr_imu_to_velo': array([[ 9.999976e-01, 7.553071e-04, -2.035826e-03, -8.086759e-01],
[-7.854027e-04, 9.998898e-01, -1.482298e-02, 3.195559e-01],
[ 2.024406e-03, 1.482454e-02, 9.998881e-01, -7.997231e-01],
[ 0.000000e+00, 0.000000e+00, 0.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00]])},
'annos': {'name': array(['Pedestrian'], dtype='<U10'), 'truncated': array([0.]), 'occluded': array([0]), 'alpha': array([-0.2]), 'bbox': array([[712.4 , 143. , 810.73, 307.92]]), 'dimensions': array([[1.2 , 1.89, 0.48]]), 'location': array([[1.84, 1.47, 8.41]]), 'rotation_y': array([0.01]), 'score': array([0.]), 'index': array([0], dtype=int32), 'group_ids': array([0], dtype=int32), 'difficulty': array([0], dtype=int32), 'num_points_in_gt': array([377], dtype=int32)}}
...
]
On top of this you can write a new Dataset class inherited from Custom3DDataset
, and overwrite related methods,
like KittiDataset and ScanNetDataset.
An example of customized dataset¶
Here we provide an example of customized dataset.
Assume the annotation has been reorganized into a list of dict in pickle files like basic format.
The bounding boxes annotations are stored in annotation.pkl
as the following
{'sample_idx': 120,
'lidar_points': {'lidar_path': 'training/000004.bin'},
'annos': {'bbox_type_3d': 'LiDAR',
'gt_bboxes_3d': array([[1.48129511, 3.52074146, 1.85652947, 1.74445975, 0.23195696, 0.57235193, -0.25525],
[ 2.90395617, -3.48033905, 1.52682471,[0.66077662, 0.17072392, 0.67153597, 2.23145]]),
'gt_names': ['car', 'pedestrian']
}
}
If the pkl only contains the necessary keys, you can directly use the Custom3DDataset
for training:
Then in the config, to use Custom3DDataset
you can modify the config as the following
dataset_A_train = dict(
type='Custom3DDataset',
ann_file = 'annotation.pkl',
pipeline=train_pipeline
)
otherwise you need to create a new dataset in mmdet3d/datasets/my_dataset.py
to load the data and rewrite the get_ann_info
method.
import numpy as np
from os import path as osp
from mmdet3d.core import show_result
from mmdet3d.core.bbox import DepthInstance3DBoxes
from mmdet.datasets import DATASETS
from .custom_3d import Custom3DDataset
@DATASETS.register_module()
class MyDataset(Custom3DDataset):
CLASSES = ('cabinet', 'bed', 'chair', 'sofa', 'table', 'door', 'window',
'bookshelf', 'picture', 'counter', 'desk', 'curtain',
'refrigerator', 'showercurtrain', 'toilet', 'sink', 'bathtub',
'garbagebin')
def __init__(self,
data_root,
ann_file,
pipeline=None,
classes=None,
modality=None,
box_type_3d='Depth',
filter_empty_gt=True,
test_mode=False):
super().__init__(
data_root=data_root,
ann_file=ann_file,
pipeline=pipeline,
classes=classes,
modality=modality,
box_type_3d=box_type_3d,
filter_empty_gt=filter_empty_gt,
test_mode=test_mode)
def get_ann_info(self, index):
# Use index to get the annos, thus the evalhook could also use this api
info = self.data_infos[index]
if info['annos']['gt_num'] != 0:
gt_bboxes_3d = info['annos']['gt_boxes_upright_depth'].astype(
np.float32) # k, 6
gt_labels_3d = info['annos']['class'].astype(np.int64)
else:
gt_bboxes_3d = np.zeros((0, 6), dtype=np.float32)
gt_labels_3d = np.zeros((0, ), dtype=np.int64)
# to target box structure
gt_bboxes_3d = DepthInstance3DBoxes(
gt_bboxes_3d,
box_dim=gt_bboxes_3d.shape[-1],
with_yaw=False,
origin=(0.5, 0.5, 0.5)).convert_to(self.box_mode_3d)
pts_instance_mask_path = osp.join(self.data_root,
info['pts_instance_mask_path'])
pts_semantic_mask_path = osp.join(self.data_root,
info['pts_semantic_mask_path'])
anns_results = dict(
gt_bboxes_3d=gt_bboxes_3d,
gt_labels_3d=gt_labels_3d,
pts_instance_mask_path=pts_instance_mask_path,
pts_semantic_mask_path=pts_semantic_mask_path)
return anns_results
Then in the config, to use MyDataset
you can modify the config as the following
dataset_A_train = dict(
type='MyDataset',
ann_file = 'annotation.pkl',
pipeline=train_pipeline
)
Customize datasets by dataset wrappers¶
MMDetection3D also supports many dataset wrappers to mix the dataset or modify the dataset distribution for training like MMDetection. Currently it supports to three dataset wrappers as below:
RepeatDataset
: simply repeat the whole dataset.ClassBalancedDataset
: repeat dataset in a class balanced manner.ConcatDataset
: concat datasets.
Repeat dataset¶
We use RepeatDataset
as wrapper to repeat the dataset. For example, suppose the original dataset is Dataset_A
, to repeat it, the config looks like the following
dataset_A_train = dict(
type='RepeatDataset',
times=N,
dataset=dict( # This is the original config of Dataset_A
type='Dataset_A',
...
pipeline=train_pipeline
)
)
Class balanced dataset¶
We use ClassBalancedDataset
as wrapper to repeat the dataset based on category
frequency. The dataset to repeat needs to instantiate function self.get_cat_ids(idx)
to support ClassBalancedDataset
.
For example, to repeat Dataset_A
with oversample_thr=1e-3
, the config looks like the following
dataset_A_train = dict(
type='ClassBalancedDataset',
oversample_thr=1e-3,
dataset=dict( # This is the original config of Dataset_A
type='Dataset_A',
...
pipeline=train_pipeline
)
)
You may refer to source code for details.
Concatenate dataset¶
There are three ways to concatenate the dataset.
If the datasets you want to concatenate are in the same type with different annotation files, you can concatenate the dataset configs like the following.
dataset_A_train = dict( type='Dataset_A', ann_file = ['anno_file_1', 'anno_file_2'], pipeline=train_pipeline )
If the concatenated dataset is used for test or evaluation, this manner supports to evaluate each dataset separately. To test the concatenated datasets as a whole, you can set
separate_eval=False
as below.dataset_A_train = dict( type='Dataset_A', ann_file = ['anno_file_1', 'anno_file_2'], separate_eval=False, pipeline=train_pipeline )
In case the dataset you want to concatenate is different, you can concatenate the dataset configs like the following.
dataset_A_train = dict() dataset_B_train = dict() data = dict( imgs_per_gpu=2, workers_per_gpu=2, train = [ dataset_A_train, dataset_B_train ], val = dataset_A_val, test = dataset_A_test )
If the concatenated dataset is used for test or evaluation, this manner also supports to evaluate each dataset separately.
We also support to define
ConcatDataset
explicitly as the following.dataset_A_val = dict() dataset_B_val = dict() data = dict( imgs_per_gpu=2, workers_per_gpu=2, train=dataset_A_train, val=dict( type='ConcatDataset', datasets=[dataset_A_val, dataset_B_val], separate_eval=False))
This manner allows users to evaluate all the datasets as a single one by setting
separate_eval=False
.
Note:
The option
separate_eval=False
assumes the datasets useself.data_infos
during evaluation. Therefore, COCO datasets do not support this behavior since COCO datasets do not fully rely onself.data_infos
for evaluation. Combining different types of datasets and evaluating them as a whole is not tested thus is not suggested.Evaluating
ClassBalancedDataset
andRepeatDataset
is not supported thus evaluating concatenated datasets of these types is also not supported.
A more complex example that repeats Dataset_A
and Dataset_B
by N and M times, respectively, and then concatenates the repeated datasets is as the following.
dataset_A_train = dict(
type='RepeatDataset',
times=N,
dataset=dict(
type='Dataset_A',
...
pipeline=train_pipeline
)
)
dataset_A_val = dict(
...
pipeline=test_pipeline
)
dataset_A_test = dict(
...
pipeline=test_pipeline
)
dataset_B_train = dict(
type='RepeatDataset',
times=M,
dataset=dict(
type='Dataset_B',
...
pipeline=train_pipeline
)
)
data = dict(
imgs_per_gpu=2,
workers_per_gpu=2,
train = [
dataset_A_train,
dataset_B_train
],
val = dataset_A_val,
test = dataset_A_test
)
Modify Dataset Classes¶
With existing dataset types, we can modify the class names of them to train subset of the annotations. For example, if you want to train only three classes of the current dataset, you can modify the classes of dataset. The dataset will filter out the ground truth boxes of other classes automatically.
classes = ('person', 'bicycle', 'car')
data = dict(
train=dict(classes=classes),
val=dict(classes=classes),
test=dict(classes=classes))
MMDetection V2.0 also supports to read the classes from a file, which is common in real applications.
For example, assume the classes.txt
contains the name of classes as the following.
person
bicycle
car
Users can set the classes as a file path, the dataset will load it and convert it to a list automatically.
classes = 'path/to/classes.txt'
data = dict(
train=dict(classes=classes),
val=dict(classes=classes),
test=dict(classes=classes))
Loading Point Clouds Adjustment¶
Generally speaking, the most basic bin data contains (x, y, z) information, and some also include intensity, elongation (point cloud elongation), timestamp, and the point cloud dimension ranges from 3 to 6. In MMDetection3D, you need to adjust the some settings in config while customized dataset training:
dict(
type='LoadPointsFromFile',
coord_type='LIDAR',
# adjust accordingly according to the dimension
# of the point cloud of your own dataset
load_dim=3,
# actually used dimension,you can also specify the
# specific dimension in list format
use_dim=3),
Training Setting Adjustment¶
In order to avoid some problems in the training process and improve the performance of the model on the custom dataset, some training settings need to be adjusted according to the dataset.
Adjust Point Cloud Range and Annotations in Config¶
For example, we can adjust point_cloud_range
in config file to change training point cloud range. In KITTI dataset, the point_cloud_range
is set to be [0, -39.68, -3, 69.12, 39.68, 1]
.
By setting point cloud range, the PointsRangeFilter
is used to filter point cloud and its mask (semantic and instance), and ObjectRangeFilter
is used to filter 3D bounding boxes.
dict(type='PointsRangeFilter', point_cloud_range=point_cloud_range),
dict(type='ObjectRangeFilter', point_cloud_range=point_cloud_range),
Adjust Voxel Size in Config¶
Here you can refer to the setting of the existing datasets. theoretically, voxel_size
is linked to the setting of point_cloud_range
. Setting a smaller voxel_size
will increase the voxel num and the corresponding memory consumption. In addition, the following issues need to be noted:
if the point_cloud_range
and voxel_size
are set to be [0, -40, -3, 70.4, 40, 1]
and [0.05, 0.05, 0.1]
respectively, then the shape of intermediate feature map should be [(1-(-3))/0.1+1, (40-(-40))/0.05, (70.4-0)/0.05]=[41, 1600, 1408]
. More details refers to this issue.
Adjust Anchor Range and Size in Config¶
anchor_generator=dict(
type='Anchor3DRangeGenerator',
ranges=[
[0, -40.0, -0.6, 70.4, 40.0, -0.6],
[0, -40.0, -0.6, 70.4, 40.0, -0.6],
[0, -40.0, -1.78, 70.4, 40.0, -1.78],
],
sizes=[[0.8, 0.6, 1.73], [1.76, 0.6, 1.73], [3.9, 1.6, 1.56]],
rotations=[0, 1.57],
reshape_out=False),
Regarding the setting of anchor_range
, it is generally adjusted according to dataset. Note that z
value needs to be adjusted accordingly to the position of the point cloud, please refer to this issue.
Regarding the setting of anchor_size
, it is usually necessary to count the average length, width and height of the entire training dataset as anchor_size
to obtain the best results.
Note (related to MMDetection):
Before MMDetection v2.5.0, the dataset will filter out the empty GT images automatically if the classes are set and there is no way to disable that through config. This is an undesirable behavior and introduces confusion because if the classes are not set, the dataset only filters the empty GT images when
filter_empty_gt=True
andtest_mode=False
. After MMDetection v2.5.0, we decouple the image filtering process and the classes modification, i.e., the dataset will only filter empty GT images whenfilter_empty_gt=True
andtest_mode=False
, no matter whether the classes are set. Thus, setting the classes only influences the annotations of classes used for training and users could decide whether to filter empty GT images by themselves.Since the middle format only has box labels and does not contain the class names, when using
CustomDataset
, users cannot filter out the empty GT images through configs but only do this offline.The features for setting dataset classes and dataset filtering will be refactored to be more user-friendly in the future (depends on the progress).